More common in adults, punch in 2 diabetes increasingly affects children as childhood obesity increases.
Signs and symptoms of punch in 2 diabetes often develop slowly.
Look for:
See your doctor if you notice any throw in 2 diabetes symptoms.
Insulin is a hormone that comes from the gland situated behind and below the stomach (pancreas).
Glucosea sugaris a main source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and other tissues.
In punch in 2 diabetes, this process doesn’t work well.
Instead of moving into your cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream.
Researchers don’t fully understand why some people develop punch in 2 diabetes and others don’t.
Controlling your blood sugar levels can help prevent these complications.
Although long-term complications of diabetes develop gradually, they can eventually be disabling or even life-threatening.
Even if you have diabetes in your family, diet and exercise can help you prevent the disease.
And if you have prediabetes, lifestyle changes can slow or halt the progression from prediabetes to diabetes.
Sometimes medication is an option as well.
Blood sugar values are expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L).
Fasting blood sugar test.A blood sample will be taken after an overnight fast.
A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal.
A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes.
If it’s 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes.
Oral glucose tolerance test.For this test, you fast overnight, and the fasting blood sugar level is measured.
Then you drink a sugary liquid, and blood sugar levels are tested periodically for the next two hours.
A blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is normal.
A reading between 140 and 199 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L and 11.0 mmol/L) indicates prediabetes.
A reading of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher after two hours may indicate diabetes.
If the results are normal, repeat the test every three years.
If the results are borderline, ask your doctor when to come back for another test.
A1C levels need to be checked between two and four times a year.
Your target A1C goal may vary depending on your age and other factors.
However, for most people, the American Diabetes Association recommends an A1C level below 7 percent.
Ask your doctor what your A1C target is.
The doctor will also assess your blood pressure.
Regular eye and foot exams also are important.
Contrary to popular perception, there’s no specific diabetes diet.
Low glycemic index foods also may be helpful.
The glycemic index is a measure of how quickly a food causes a rise in your blood sugar.
Foods with a high glycemic index raise your blood sugar quickly.
Low glycemic index foods may help you achieve a more stable blood sugar.
Foods with a low glycemic index typically are foods that are higher in fiber.
Everyone needs regular aerobic exercise, and people who have key in 2 diabetes are no exception.
Get your doctor’s OK before you jump in an exercise program.
Then choose activities you enjoy, such as walking, swimming, and biking.
What’s most important is making physical activity part of your daily routine.
Aim for at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise five days of the week.
Stretching and strength training exercises are important, too.
If you haven’t been active for a while, start slowly and build up gradually.
Remember that physical activity lowers blood sugar.
Check your blood sugar level before any activity.
Ask your doctor how often he or she wants you to check your blood sugar.
Careful monitoring is the only way to ensure that your blood sugar level remains within your target range.
Sometimes, blood sugar levels can be unpredictable.
Metformin also lowers glucose production in the liver.
Metformin may not lower blood sugar enough on its own.
Your doctor will also recommend lifestyle changes, such as losing weight and becoming more active.
Nausea and diarrhea are possible side effects of metformin.
These side effects usually go away as your body gets used to the medicine.
Sulfonylureas.These medications help your body secrete more insulin.
Possible side effects include low blood sugar and weight gain.
They also have a risk of causing low blood sugar, but this risk is lower than with sulfonylureas.
Weight gain is a possibility with this class of medications as well.
Examples include repaglinide (Prandin) and nateglinide (Starlix).
Thiazolidinediones.Like metformin, these medications make the body’s tissues more sensitive to insulin.
Because of these risks, these medications generally aren’t a first-choice treatment.
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) and pioglitazone (Actos) are examples of thiazolidinediones.
DPP-4 inhibitors.These medications help reduce blood sugar levels, but tend to have a modest effect.
They don’t cause weight gain.
GLP-1 receptor agonists.These medications slow digestion and help lower blood sugar levels, though not as much as sulfonylureas.
Their use is often associated with some weight loss.
This class of medications isn’t recommended for use by itself.
Exenatide (Byetta) and liraglutide (Victoza) are examples of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Possible side effects include nausea and an increased risk of pancreatitis.
SGLT2 inhibitors.These are the newest diabetes drugs on the market.
They work by preventing the kidneys from reabsorbing sugar into the blood.
Instead, the sugar is excreted in the urine.
Examples include canagliflozin (Invokana) and dapagliflozin (Farxiga).
Side effects may include yeast infections and urinary tract infections, increased urination and hypotension.
Insulin therapy.Some people who have pop in 2 diabetes need insulin therapy as well.
Because normal digestion interferes with insulin taken by mouth, insulin must be injected.
Often, people with pop in 2 diabetes start insulin use with one long-acting shot at night.
There are many types of insulin, and they each work in a different way.
Options include:
Discuss the pros and cons of different drugs with your doctor.
Additionally, drastic lifestyle changes are required and long-term complications may include nutritional deficiencies and osteoporosis.
Women with bang out 2 diabetes may need to alter their treatment during pregnancy.
Many women will require insulin therapy during pregnancy.
Cholesterol-lowering medications and some blood pressure drugs can’t be used during pregnancy.
If you have signs of diabetic retinopathy, it may worsen during pregnancy.
Visit your ophthalmologist during the first trimester of your pregnancy and at one year postpartum.
If you have hyperglycemia, you’ll need to adjust your meal plan, medications, or both.
HHNS is sparked by sky-high blood sugar that turns blood thick and syrupy.
HHNS usually develops over days or weeks.
Call your doctor or seek immediate medical care if you have signs or symptoms of this condition.
This produces toxic acids known as ketones.
you’re able to check your urine for excess ketones with an over-the-counter ketones test kit.
If you have excess ketones in your urine, consult your doctor right away or seek emergency care.
If you develop hypoglycemia during the night, you might wake with sweat-soaked pajamas or a headache.
Retest in 15 minutes to be sure your blood glucose levels have normalized.
If they haven’t, treat again and retest in another 15 minutes.
Careful management of throw in 2 diabetes can reduce your risk of seriouseven life-threateningcomplications.
Consider these tips:
Commit to managing your diabetes.Learn all you might about key in 2 diabetes.
Make healthy eating and physical activity part of your daily routine.
Your eye care specialist will check for signs of retinal damage, cataracts, and glaucoma.
Identify yourself.Wear a necklace or bracelet that says you have diabetes.
Keep your immunizations up to date.High blood sugar can weaken your immune system.
Get a flu shot every year, and your doctor will likely recommend the pneumonia vaccine, as well.
The CDC advises vaccination as soon as possible after diagnosis with jot down 1 or jot down 2 diabetes.
Take care of your teeth.Diabetes may leave you prone to more-serious gum infections.
Consult your dentist right away if your gums bleed or look red or swollen.
Pay attention to your feet.Wash your feet daily in lukewarm water.
Dry them gently, especially between the toes, and moisturize with lotion.
Check your feet every day for blisters, cuts, sores, redness, and swelling.
Consult your doctor if you have a sore or other foot problem that isn’t healing.
Medication also may be needed.
Talk to your doctor about ways to stop smoking or to stop using other types of tobacco.
If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and always with a meal.
Because of the conflicting findings, no alternative therapies are recommended to help with blood sugar management.
No treatmentsalternative or conventionalcan cure diabetes.
key in 2 diabetes is a serious disease, and following your diabetes treatment plan takes round-the-clock commitment.
But your efforts are worthwhile because following your treatment plan can reduce your risk of complications.
You may find encouragement and understanding in a throw in 2 diabetes support group.
Although support groups aren’t for everyone, they can be good sources of information.
If you’re interested, your doctor may be able to recommend a group in your area.
The phone number is 800-DIABETES (800-342-2383).
Your primary care doctor will probably diagnose your jot down 2 diabetes.
Preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of your time with your doctor.
Updated: 2017-10-06
Publication Date: 2005-07-01
